Urban Sustainability and Urban Food Security - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1152 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Sustainability is founded on the principle that both our well-being and survival is dependent, directly or indirectly to natural environment. For instance, human beings require air, water, and food for their survival. However, they massively exploit natural wealth, for example, fossil fuels to meet their needs and improve their living standards. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Urban Sustainability and Urban Food Security" essay for you Create order The sustainability is spearheaded by critical concerns regarding the impacts of an increase in human population, economic growth and development and utilization of the natural resources. Natural resources were heavily utilized because of overconsumption in some parts of the country due to rapid growth and development in the economy. Economic growth is facilitated by political stability and capitalism, which favor sustainability of the urban areas and food increment. As a result, sustainable growth and development are viewed as a development strategy that establishes and upholds the conditions under which people and nature can freely exist and live in productive harmony Barthel (1338). As a result, sustainable development provides for the wants of current group without interfering with provision of same resources for future generation. It is aimed to meet the needs of human beings without overexploiting the natural resources. As such, it is evident that there is equity in intra and inter generation. The main pillars of sustainability are economic growth, protection of the environment and social equity. The components are viewed as a sustainable development, which results in food security, and urban developments. Discourse is strict on the environment as compared to social justice issues such as education, food, and housing. Besides, there are social and economic challenges that affect the performance of sustainable developments. Capitalism is a major hindrance to the protection of the environment. Patriarchy and racism affect achievement of social equity objectives. There should be effective strategies to ensure environmental sustainability by conserving the environment. Measures should be set aside to provide recycling of waste products to avoid the rate of pollution. Sustainability and neoliberalism A mix of larger social, economic circumstances, urbanization trends and demographic offer explanation to the changing development of slums in the developing nations. Belo Horizonte uses neoliberal for sustainable development. In this strategy, there is privatization of different services, and an individual fee is charged for instance in garbage collection. This makes it hard for people who do not have money to acquire such services, for example for garbage collection S. a. Barthel (234). As a result, their garbage remains uncollected, and the environment becomes dirty due to waste disposal at all over the place. The trash left on the ground results in environmental pollution such as blocking of drainage and this interferes with the hygiene of the environment. Consequently, the sustainability of the region is affected. Undermining of sustainability has significantly influenced the environment and resulted in higher levels of pollution. Besides, justice of the environment has been neglected and the distribution strategies reduced. For example, plastic bags are distributed in in slums and poor areas across the country. The plastic bags result in higher levels of environmental pollution in such areas, and this affects the sustainability of the environment. The plastic bags are not environmental friendly because they do not compose and they end up blocking the drainages. This results in a reduction in environmental friendliness. The bags are breeding sites for mosquitoes which may lead to the rise of disease endangering the lives of the people. The bags also result in blocked gutters which result in flooding in the areas which may result in loss of lives and increase in disease incidences. Poor families living in the slums do not have money to purchase improved health services even after. Distribution of the bags is affected by political and economic factors resulting to an inequitable delivery of the plastic bags. A collection of waste materials is privatized, and this is an economic factor which affects environmental sustainability and results in food shortage in majority of the countries across the globe Mok (43). Poor families live in dirty environments, and this threatens their lives because they become susceptible to disease incidences such as cholera and typhoid. Political reasons result in deregulated private segment resulting in charges for collection of garbage and other services. Neoliberal involves Privatization of natural resources such as land. The privatization strategy reduces the productive land for crop production and other activities. As a result, it results in a reduction in food production and food shortage affects such countries to a greater level. Privatization cause environmental injustices arising from Colding (166). There is reduced distribution of resources in the low-income regions as compared to higher income regions. This results to the oppression of the people in such regions leading to the suffering. Ownership of natural resources such as land and natural oils have been made private, and this hinders the capability of poor people acquiring them, and they end up suffering. Privatization limits distribution of services such as food and education to the poor families living in the slums and this result in higher levels of suffering due to food shortage. Renewable energy and green jobs Recycling plays a critical role in enhancing environmental sustainability while at the same time generating employment to some people. The recycling strategies are comprehensive and lower the rate of a landfill and open employment opportunities. Besides, recycling encourages social equity in the country by allowing people to get passes by exchanging for waste materials Besthorn (203). It allows some people and families to commit themselves to accumulating and exchanging waste products as their source of income. The country acquires income by selling the recyclables for reprocessing to some factories, and the money is used in social developments. Schools and communities can set up gardens to produce crops while conserving the environment. Besides, sale of extra crops can be useful in generating funds for different projects reducing the level of poverty. Countries should adopt the strategy of producing food in their own country, and this reduces global warming resulting from carbon emitted during the transportation of food products. Internal growing of crops will create employment for people working in the farms, and this will improve the economy of the country. Besides, it ensures access to nutritious, fresh and affordable food. However, it is challenging to ensure availability of food and employment while protecting the environment at the same time. Failure of government support in crop production activities results in poor strategies which pollute the environment. Lack of labor hinders comprehensive production activities in different sectors such as industries resulting in environmental pollution Marsden (226). Privatization of business activities lowers corporation amongst people and this results in environmental pollution. Commercialization of some services such as garbage collection results environmental degradation. Poor families do not have money to purchase the services and as a result, they end up disposing the waste temporarily on the environment resulting in pollution. In some instances, environmentalists fail to educate the public on environment conservation and some of them do not have knowledge regarding the environment.

China s Become A Global Superpower And Its Transformation...

I once regretted that I majored in Chinese Language and Literature. Even after completing my Master s degree in China I could not see the practical use of my studies. However, now I think it has become my strength to comprehend Chinese Language and culture as a student who seeks to research on the International Studies related to China as a Ph.D. candidate. During my study in China, I witnessed China’s emergence as a global superpower and its transformation from a development aid recipient to a donor country. This particularly intrigued me more than its language and culture. The transformation was similar to my home country, Korea, but this time I was able to witness it. China’s growing foreign aid started to have a significant impact on the landscape of the global development community and became a formidable alternative to existing Official Development Assistant (ODA). A non-OECD country, has become the center of controversies with its foreign aid policies. I was intr igued with this phenomenon and encountered a question: â€Å"How do developed countries (traditional donors) and developing countries (development aid recipients) work with China to enhance positive developments and minimize frictions?† In the pursuit of solution to my question, I enrolled the second Master’s degree in Public Policy at KDI School of Public Policy and Management where I gained a great deal of academic knowledge about public policy, global governance and political economy. Also, I have built myShow MoreRelatedRise of Brics Economy and Its Impact on Global Stock Markets9547 Words   |  39 Pages2013 Rise of BRICS Economy and its Impact on Global Stock Markets Naganathan Venkatesh Research Scholar, NITTTR, Chennai, India Abstract The world is changing and becoming increasingly multipolar due to the emergence of China, India, Russia, Brazil and South Africa forming so called BRICS. The global influence of America is fading out due to the recent decline in their stock market and the emergence of other markets. The framework of the global economy has changed dramatically due to theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthere were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Capital6173 Words   |  25 PagesSerafin D. 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Most countries and regions around the world are inextricably linked, yet profound differences in institutional and culturalRead MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 PagesColin Clark  Ã‚ · Jean Fourastià © | Additional sectors | Quaternary sector  Ã‚ · Quinary sector | Sectors by ownership | Business sector  Ã‚ · Private sector  Ã‚ · Public sector  Ã‚ · Voluntary sector | * v * t * e | In developed countries primary industry becomes more technologically advanced, for instance the mechanization of farming as opposed to hand picking and planting. In more developed economies additional capital is invested in primary means of production. As an example, in the United States corn beltRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. 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Stock market Free Essays

A lot of people are confused when it comes to phones/electronic devices and their operating systems on their device, ISO android and Windows are the most important competitors when it comes to operating systems on different phones. Software that operates our phones is called the Mobile Operating Systems/ Mobile SO. Phone operating systems do not have to be made by one company; instead they are being made by several companies grouped. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock market or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example devices that run under Android are grouped together these SO are all made by Google, Devices that operate with ISO are made by Apple, and devices that operate with Windows are made by Windows. I work in sales of phone and tablet. What do I want to sell my consumer; Android, ISO or windows devices? Well this can be different for each consumer depending on their needs. I always look for my customer ‘s preference when it comes to operating systems and from their I can push the right product to the right consumer. Another factor that matter is the cost my consumer is looking to spend†¦ There is a perfect intention going on between these three major SO developers; as a result, this competition benefits the consumer in many ways. First is the price range they can pick from; second is the quality of the product and third is the model of the device using that specific SO and so on. I am enjoying this business because of the markets competition and the development of many different SO and devices (Technology is ruling the world). Working in technology field benefits me in one major way; I am always up-to-date on what comes out in the market and how the companies develop their operating system that fits their business the best. This makes me be one of the first to get a Job when looking for one. Windows is the most known in the market for its long existence in our market. Most companies and their devices have been using Windows 95 to windows 7 (latest SO), but does the existence matter these days? After researching I have discovered that businesses look for time efficient software, or in other words we can say that businesses are looking for something that requires less maintenance with high productivity. Windows has failed in that matter. Their SO has been failing along with crashes requiring high maintenance. For example CPA updates their Computers regularly because Windows is not following the technology as quickly compared to its competitors, isn’t that time consuming Job? Yes it is time consuming along with time comes money. Now we have talked about CPA and its computers/SO. Let me now talk about how they perform in the phone industry. They have lost lots of money in creating phones operating under Windows SO. Their phones are not user friendly. First, their Windows phones do crash regularly; which scares most of us, we don’t want to be typing a text massage and before you know it reboots. This is caused by a weak software development. Second, how many phone applications do Windows offer their consumers? Well I can answer you confidently; they are behind with lots of applications compared to ISO and Android. All together this led to loss of lots of customers; along with that Windows had and still have a loss in the stock market over the past couple years. My personal opinion, I would not purchase any windows device neither would I invest in their stocks. I am not seeing any improvement in their products so I don’t encourage anyone to invest in it. Even though they are doing better in their stocks I don’t see bright future for this company. Google has grown ridiculously over the past couple years. They started with creating search engines to buying over major websites like Youth and android SO. Let us focus more on the SO of Google ‘Android’ Google purchased android SO in 2005 to create a big market for android smart phones; which they were successful in doing so. Over the past 6 years they have made sure that most phone manufactures use their SO for their devices as well some of computer/tablet manufactures are stepping over to android SO, but sadly they haven’t been as successful in creating demand in he market, I do believe in their product and they will eventually come up with something that will make businesses and other consumers step away from windows. Their biggest competitor is Apple (android). Android has won made major changes in the phone industry creating a big demand for android devices, a par of these devices are phones and tablets. Over the past years android has been successful in creating an open source SO; meaning that everyone can create an application and put it in their android market for consumers to download. Reason behind creating an open resource SO is that it becomes attractive to each individual, now you can download any application that fits you the best without it being filtered by Google. You might question yourself now; is an open source attractive to businesses as it’s attractive to other consumers? The answer to that is NO, when you are having an open source you have a leak of security in business privacy. That is a main reason for companies to choose another SO over android; not a major issue for Google because they are trying to target the smart phone industry over major businesses and the use of PC’s within businesses and other computer users. Now that I have explained what Google (android) let’s talk about their stocks. Their stocks has been improving along with their SO sales, Android SO is getting to a high demand in the smart phone industry. Their biggest competitor is Apple ISO these two companies I would definitely invest in their stock market because each is targeting the highest consumer demand in our telecommunication industry. We are being depended to our smart phones and other electronic devices that these companies will succeed in some way (android ISO). Android stock has gone up with 4. 01% over the past 5 years (reporting Nasdaq). ISO (APPLE) is a preferred SO in the many businesses and that’s why their stock has been going up for the past 5 years. Businesses have been changing their SO to ISO and that’s the reason why their stock in the market has been improving yearly; it’s a good choice to invest in Apple now since they are winning the competition not in price but more in quality of their software and a perfect customer service that is there to help you whenever you need them 2417. Now we can tell that the consumer that’s choosing this product did not really go after the price range but more likely is going after the service and quality. Apple is growing fast since their Apple Phone and its accessories; example, Apple TV, Phone/ tablet docks and so on. Apple is more focused on how they can be the most efficient in business as well they made their SO the most secured; reason behind this is a closed source; meaning, no one can add or enter their application market place without being filtered by Apple. From a consumer stand point; consumers are looking for something that is durable and easy use. How to cite Stock market, Papers Stock Market Free Essays Stock market is the place were all stocks and other securities buy and sell. Pakistan have three main stocks markets (KSE, LSE, ISE).Among these stock exchanges Karachi stock exchange founded on 18 September 1947. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now it was the largest stock exchange in Pakistan and oldest in the south Asia. its growing day by day. Many ups and downs are occurring in KSE due to political instability, securities threats and macro-economic issues but due to negative issues. its show a positive progress. Two types of KSE,100 and KSE 30 index. KSE 100 index rapidly growing in Pakistan indexes. 2013 is the best year in history of stock market in Pakistan on December 31 (25,261) points are occur which are great achievement. Top five companies in KSE 100 index are be capitalize and weight age.No Company Names Weightage % Market capitalism (PKR) in Million1 OGDCL 14.14 550,948,930,0002 MCB 7.17 279,583,150,0003 BOP 5.43 211,726,900,0004 Pakistan petroleum 5.06 197,201,080,0005 Standard chartered Bank 4.41 171,704,800,000 Literature Review: According to researcher’s stock market in country play a vital role in economy growth. Many factors that have an impact on stock market. These factors may decrease the performance or may increase the performance. Government of every country should encourage these factors may increase the performance and should discourage these factors that have diverse impact on stock market. A study many articles and every paper about these factors but found that interest rate has a negative impact on stock market. Interest rate also decrease the efficiency of stock market.Davidson (1996) focus the relationship Between both variables and use regression analysis to define the relationship. He found that important impact of interest rate on stock market. his results are focus on long term interest rate that are play fundamental role in price dividend ratios. Knut (1996) he found that those countries with less interest rate has strong market as compere to who have high interest rate. He also says that develop countries having low rate that’s way its market is extra ordinary.Kellen (2000) worked develop markets (south Africa, Zimbabwe) he says that in this market high interest rate think to huge loss market and its prices. After study the markets he found that relationship is negative in both variables. Hosing (2004) find out variables have different impact on each other. variables were interest rate, exchange rate and stock market. but at the end he found that negative relationship between interest rate and stock market.Zoran (2005) worked with macro factors i.e. World War II and he also found opposite relation between both variables. He also focused on cycle’s research. For example: ten to fifteen years etc.Salahuddin (2009) study two factors that can impact on country growth and reduction. These factors are interest rate and stock exchange. Salahuddin investigate about these variables and he found that both variables have negative impact on each other.Zahid (2010) also study macro variables and stock market index and found that interest rate and inflation has negative impact on stock market. How to cite Stock Market, Papers

Consumer Preferences Company Advertising or Online Reviews

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Preferences Company Advertising or Online Reviews. Answer: Customer buying decisions are often influenced by both company advertising and online reviews. For some personal reasons, customers tend to show preference to one at the expense of the other. This paper seeks to identify what consumers trust the most. I order to make an accurate conclusion; I will make use of both qualitative and quantitative data. This will help to determine the most preferred without any bias. Advertising is a marketing approach which entails efforts made by a specific company to promote its goods or services. In advertising, the company creates audio or visual messages which are delivered to the public. The company pays for these services, and they are non-personal. These messages are communicated through newspapers, magazines, journals, radios, televisions, text messages, websites, blogs and the popular social media platforms. Advertisements are known to persuade customers into buying goods and services even at inflated prices[1]. Think of that product which is always on the television screen, every radio channel is talking about it, and you have seen it in several magazines. Who would not pay attention to this and even go an extra mile to buy it? Individuals tend to be convinced that these are the best products and often prefer them to the products which are never advertised. We tend to trust these products more especially when they feature in our favorite channels or magazines. Online reviews refer to the comments made by individuals outside the business institution. In most cases, these comments are written by customers after using the product in question[2].Reviews are based on the user experiences and may either be positive or negative. Negative comments put off some potential customers while positive ones attract more customers which translate to higher sales. According to a survey conducted by Bright Local in 2014, ninety percent consumers read online reviews and eighty-eight percent of them trust online reviews[3]. Positive reviews act as convincing agents who attract more customers. Reviews and ratings help consumers to make decisions faster and with more confidence especially if the comments are bound to experience. However, online reviews are not very efficient to be relied on. They influence customer preferences and personal decisions. Similarly, they may lead to delayed purchasing as one needs to consider a range of online reviews to make a decision. Both advertisements and online reviews are market trends aimed at improving sales by seeking attention from the public. A major difference between the two is the source whereby advertisements are by the business itself while online reviews are by customers. The degree of preference of the two by customers is however different. In the contemporary status, online reviews tend to be gaining popularity as compared to advertisements. This is prompted by the improved technology. Buyers are moved by the comments made by experienced users of a given product. They are quite certain that if the product worked best for a given customer, it would be good for them. The heightening popularity of the online review platforms also describes the increasing use of online reviews to determine to buy [4]. The internet provides a common space for interaction among consumers which influences both consumer behaviors and company sales. References Anderson, M. (2014, July 7). 88% Of Consumers Trust Online Reviews As Much As Personal Recommendations. Retrieved April 18, 2017, from Third Door Media: searchengineland.com/88-consumers-trust-online-reviews-much-personal-recommendations-195803 Ho-Dac, N., Carson, S., Moore, W. (2013). The Effects of Positive and Negative Online Customer Reviews: DO. Journal of Marketing, 15(34), 1-30. Lpez, M., Sicilia, M. (2014). Determinants of E-WOM Influence: The Role of Consumers Internet Experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1), 28-43. Thompson, D., Malaviya, P. (2013). Consumer-Generated Ads: Does Awareness of Advertising Co-Creation Heip or HurtPersuasion? Journal of Marketing, 77(13), 33-47. Thompson, D., Malaviya, P. (2013). Consumer-Generated Ads: Does Awareness of Advertising Co-Creation Heip or HurtPersuasion? Journal of Marketing, 77 (13), 33-47. Ho-Dac, N., Carson, S., Moore, W. (2013). The Effects of Positive and Negative Online Customer Reviews:Journal of Marketing, 15 (34), 1-30. Anderson, M. (2014, July 7). 88% Of Consumers Trust Online Reviews As Much As Personal Recommendations. Retrieved April 18, 2017, from Third Door Media: searchengineland.com/88-consumers-trust-online-reviews-much-personal-recommendations-195803 Lpez, M., Sicilia, M. (2014). Determinants of E-WOM Influence: The Role of Consumers Internet Experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9 (1), 28-43.