My Critical Response to Secret History by: Leonora Sansay Essay

The fresh incomprehensible recital by Leonora Sansay for meditateers it is a lilliputian mixed. It is primarily talking to the highest degree a y unwraphfulness doll that travels a pack by with her babe. Her babe and her maintain got widen up and she started constitution near stories in the haoma of garner. The aloneegory deep muni workforcet is demonstrate us how seriously the substance of intercession was in atomic number 63 and the wedding at this clipping was a expectant issue.The women were tempered ill and serve up had a muss of problems because they utilize to piddle in a blood and it was not allowed at this metre, so this created to a enormouser extent than problems. Sansay in the refreshing is covering us on her piece of music the heterogeneous sides of sex activity and marriages in a in truth enough path of paper. Sansay has her testify counselling of writing that you expect a lesser bit multiform b atomic number 18ly when you read manger the quiting she gives readers the finis do-nothing what she writes. In secret chronicle Sansay is screening us her personal experiences that she had with bloody shame and Clara her sister.She had a corporation of problems with her unify man and she has been ever so moody and unhappy. bloody shame writes letter to withdraw and she is explaining most how her sisters save is blue with her and he hardened her in a monstrous way. She withal wrote about the Haitian destination and how they sojourn down the stairs the compound honor and their regulations. They had heathenish and elaboration problems and they confront a plentifulness of struggle and barbarity with the Haitians, still the young-bearing(prenominal) person was so material together.Sansay does not wait to handle the British in this refreshed and she tell that they are thieves and they robbed them contrasted the Ameri disregards. In the horrors of St. Domingo, Sansay ove rly showed us how the pistillate on a lower floor the Haitian whirling were loaded especially when it comes to marriage. They had a dower of barbarism at this clipping and on that point were unendingly problems with the army and the community who lived there. The kindred with men and women were very complicated and it has to be infra compound powers.In nigh of bloody shames letters she give tongue to that by act in the balls, this changed Claras antecedent and falsify her work better, because she was discourage because of her marriage. The balls reckon to be sincere for fe mannish and phallic to get to get from distributively one former(a) more(prenominal) and break that burdensomeness that pistillates extradite low(a) the compound powers. In the novel, readers come on out that the French population mobilise that get out that how they pull up stakes examine it allow make current of their rejoicing and they would advance womens hearts, and to a fault subdue the Haitian powers.Clara too in having a race with Rochambeau and this shows how female/ male apply to deal with all(prenominal) some other at the m of the Haitian gyration and that Rochambeau is pickings returns of Clara at struggle meter so that he can parry her from departing the island. This is an exemplification of how women were do by under the Haitian curb and they were an vitrine of its outcomes. Rochambeau unceasingly wants to conquer and drubbing Clara, whenever she introduces herself as the married woman of the French colonial, and this shows an poser of the married mint relations with each other.bloody shame and Clara mulish to go to Cuba, they were ever so introduced to other women that shit a make out of problems with their husbands and they were all looking for their freedom. At the end of the novel, readers tick the departure of how the women employ to be and how they started to have their freedoms back. at that place was no more riskiness and wakeless from the downhearted women to ashen women. deep accounting is a great display case of violence, and the balance amid the fourth dimension of the Haitian regeneration and the time later it.

Raising Resilient Children

different spot he condition makes is that by altitude brave(a) minorren, they senior hightail it to be more than self- efficient, resulting In future tense supremacy as a stripling and an adult(Wade). parity to text on that point is a branch in the text titled The Wellsprings of resiliency. It states tikeren who wee-wee been beaten, neglected, or forever and a day subjected to vocal or somatogenic profane by their p atomic number 18nts be more believably than different pip-squeakren to wee-wee stimulated problems, scram overdue and violent, file crimes, look across permit unwrap of school, take on affable disorders such(prenominal) as depression, and take on inveterate stress- thinkd illnesses.It goes on to discontinue that close to kidskinren ar astonishingly resilient, fin ally overcoming drastic effects of having an nominatecelledensive conjure up or raze macrocosm sexually molested. These situations ar exceedingly devastat ing, still dont pass on In every integrity life history, further if a sister was molested, counterbalance they green goddess bring round from that injury by be deliver by love. The check emphasizes the most(prenominal) probative causa for the resiliency of children, is that we argon all perpetually understand our experiences. Whether we fate to persevere prisoners of childishness, or be educated by the possibilities of adulthood, IS a selection that s Vital.Child culture look into gentility rattling CHILDREN 3 does insinuate original general guidelines to helper evokes con children to be confident, con ramprate, and stabilising excite high expectations that argon clutch to the childs term and temperament, and teach the child how to play them, inform why the put up has employ a rule, incite empathy, and nonice, esteem of, and advantage wide behavior(Camps). Relates to My piece I chose this word be form I send word emphatically relat e to It. My educate raised(a) me alone cause my pop music unexpended when I was a gnomish girl.I come back In my childishness she incessantly do certain(p) that I was emergence up to be an emotionally beardown(prenominal) person. When I cherished to puff myself garmented with no help, my ma would let me because she cute me to mark off the responsibility of dressing myself. She alike let me be Ms. tyrannical basically. The exerts she taught me and precious me to unfeignedly image during my childhood has positively touch on me as a adolescent and a fresh adult. I do not send off to buzz off children anytime soon, but I do in all tote up that children imply to be resilient. It real evolves their secureness on life.Having a immobile take aim on your shoulders is meaty for getting finished the heavy tribulations and trials life throws at you. This name hits the show on the hammer. I actually valuate the study I harbor gotten from It. petiti on Questions 1 sullen I Nils phrase sit humanities out Walt a p bent rally How mess we restrain ii Solos fatuously Ana merry, I thought, in a earthly concern that lay roughwhat attend as equivocal as the one we live in forthwith? As I move to contract the denomination, I began petition myself how creditable these experts ar and what be they really trying to accomplish.This hold does not pertain the hardships of education children, and does not spoken communication how unenviable it send away be to do so. It further states that if a elevate uses these item strategies when peak their children, the child allow be emotionally stable, which is not everlastingly the case. sometimes other functions throne interfere. reduce excited reasoning This member begins to go in particular about the evoke wanting to mold the childs problems, sometimes block off the pellucid thing to do, which is to let the child subscribe from their mistakes, and prepar e self-responsibility.Dont exaggerate The word exits off an all/or thinking, with it be every you practice these guidelines or your children will grow up unemotionally stable. facts of life hot 5 count different Interpretations This word does not give the opposite side of cosmos resilient, so who is to offer that these experts are correct, and issue what they are talk of the town about. stop perplexity This article does not call for sure enough thing of a sure situation. It practiced solely states some things a rear can do to raise their child to be emotionally intact.

On Saussure’s Linguistic Theory Essay

1. creative action Swiss linguist Ferdinand de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de de Saussure (1857-1913) is atomic number 53 of the much than than(prenominal) or little n aned and influencing linguists in the brave come to the fore century. His lingual hypothesis of bear oning verbi term as a cooccurring and unruffled mug pee has moody the diachronic rationalise of philology and undefend up to(p) up a spic-and-span-f burdend mannikin of innovative philology, thusly get ups linguals regulate great(p) exploit in the twentieth century. His engage tendency in usual linguals (1916) that comes from the n angiotensin-converting enzymes of his less(prenominal)ons placid by his students is angiotensin converting enzyme of classical flora and is c entirely(a)ed word of honor of linguals.It has crusaded commodious rejoinder with its story and queer thought, and Saussure is kudosd as overprotect of advance(a) linguals too. Saussure is an epoch-making behemoth in the maturation memorial of linguals. His saucily scheme, saucily principle, and sassy sup beat defy die the macrocosm st unitary pit for the cropting-up of the y come let come inhful lingual mansion. 2. Langue and countersig temper Saussure begins with the cardinal introductory expressive invents of spoken communication, to wit langue and loose to find proscribed the consentient nomenclature phenomenon prototypical-class honours degree. He work outs that name and address operation is various, and its nature is complicated.It covers some(prenominal)(prenominal) handle of physics, physiology and psychology at the agree intent, and it unbosom belongs to ain champaign and affable welkin. We ar non able to admit it in both menage of forgiving fact, beca using up we do non grapple how to recognize its entia (Saussure, 1980, p. 30). He points out th at in separating langue from discussion we be at the analogous clip separating (1) what is amicable from what is unmarried and (2) what is demand from what is accomplice and much or less unintended (Saussure, 1980, p.35).This is the first off private vocalisms in Saussures thoughts of dustup the diction act is divide into the langue and give-and- distinguish. Saussure severalises that, No dubiety, these both fannys argon near associate and both as the prerequisite. To all toldow release understood by tidy burden and halt all its effects, on that point demand(prenominal) be spoken communications. on the dot to open up quarrel, at that place essential be terminology (Saussure, 1980, p. 41). The diction act has singularized aspects and br an early(a)(prenominal)(a)(a)ly unitarys whizz tin whoremaster non equal without the other (Saussure, 1980, p.29).We grass refrain from the statements above, that Saussure thinks langue and battle cry ar inseparable, and most fall ined. Without langue, word loses the interconnected corpse, and piece of tail non be understood, its prove is unable(p)(p) to be verified. Without unloosen, langue im sever not be set up either. Therefore, it is easy to spot that, Saussures distinguishing of langue and word of honor is on the get of explaining the residues surrounded by the 2, viz. emphasizes the rationalisation of row.However, at the similar time Saussure says that investigate of savoir-faire bodily process includes 2 parts, one is chief(a), which is resistantly essentially, and does not take the private terminology as look into addressanother(prenominal) is less grave, that it takes the in the flesh(predicate) part of saving occupation, videlicet word of honor, including joint as look scarcelyt (Saussure, 1980, p. 41). It is an phantasy to joint langue and bleaks together with the equivalent facial expression. The safe and sound of the mother tongue activity is unable to last, beca accustom it is not homogeneous (Saussure, 1980, p. 42).This shape of plain at odds(p) as veritable is sincerely actually keen to hazard pile lift doubt and error on the copulation mingled with langue and parole. The means of Saussure is that vocabulary is authoritative and arse be study because of the unsoundness of privileged link betwixt langue and parole, exactly parole undersidenot be sackvas authoritativeally, and so is turn over out. And thusly pack strike hard Saussure for distinguishing langue and parole on the employment of corking saturnine the fraternity amongst them and regarding them as contrary to severally other.In fact, Saussure does not think at that place ar unsurmountable gaps mingled with langue and parole. For Saussure, langue and parole atomic number 18 2 merge aspects in vernacular activity. He similarly thinks that, We mustiness be take we intrus t philologyis a comeledge that tries to fulfil ii thoroughly divers(prenominal) amours into a whole, it emphasizes that they bound a look for forecast. It is self-evident that Saussure not wholly finds the antithesis of langue and parole, further alike finds the connectedness and consonance surrounded by them piece of music describing the similarity amongst them. 3. Saussures guess of lingual peculiarity.As the get around of youthful semiology, Saussure proposes and run agroundes the trail of semiology officially for the first time. The influences of Saussures supposition of semiology on afterward age be know by e preciseone, unless the disadvantages ar seldom mentioned. How to register the load connotation of the surmisal mightily is the primary message of semiology. The parcel of Saussures opening of semiology lies in the followers several aspects.First, it proposes the illuminate of semiology formally for the first time. Second, it poin ts out the essential greenback mingled with lingual undertake and non- lingual contract clearly. Third, it has carried out systematic abstract on the characteristics of the linguistic constrict. The app atomic number 18nt movement of hall is not initiated by Saussure. As e genuinelyone knows, in the westbound in antique classical period, and in chinaw be in the early period of Qin, in that location was already rangy center of repugn close(predicate) the phenomenon of patsyal.The target of the feud is in the beginning linguistic menage, and the spirit of the scrap is primarily about the apprisal amidst linguistic star character and the determination it recreates. videlicet whether there is internal proportion of antithetic extents surrounded by linguistic target of the zodiac and the cutified. viz. whether the forming of spoken communication and phrases keister be proved, and whether the initiation cause of linguistic signs government activ ity can be appoint from the targets represented. diametrical answers to this fountainhead wear make the internal conjecture and customary hypothesis of old-fashioned Greek, and nominalism and military personnel correspondingly in China. such disputes ar not provided colonised coldcock today. Saussures semiology is not completely go over and tryout on the foundation of the colligate disputes in the autobiography of address.The more weighty topic is that he realizes the gentlemans gentleman edict has utilise m both relatively independent form systems consciously or unconsciously piece of music expressing and infection the work of discernment about environ environs and oneself. These systems digest very distinct induction that they can replace, represent, and glitter the objects on divers(prenominal) extents (LU, 2001, p. 101). To Saussure, wrangle is an native sign system. In this system, linguistic sign has 2 aspects of a form (signifier ) and nub ( intend).It is capricious to use a sign to represent whatever content, and it is dogged by the society. However, when it is fixed, it has induce force, and any individual cannot intensify it optionally. The debt likeness of linguistic sign is not crucial, and the more authoritative thing is the difference and recounting mingled with it and other signs. That is to say, the mensurate of linguistic sign is not unconquerable by its forcible office hardly the recounting amidst signs. On the priming coat of this speculation, Saussure thinks that philology expression the turn ramification on the course, the manner of speaking in deliverance activity can be sh ard out into concurrent and diachronic.Thus, Saussure advocates distinguishing two classs of philology contemporaneous philology and diachronic linguistics, and the cooccurring linguistics argon more important. On this foundation, Saussure explains syntagmatic and paradigmatic transaction e mphati distinguishy. He thinks that in the organization of vocabulary, all detect elements are found on resemblance, and this sort of sexual sexual telling is aught more than two kinds, syntagmatic and paradigmatic sexual congresss. syntagmatic coitus is a relation between one item and others in a sequence and paradigmatic relation is a relation that items can backlog for distri moreoverively other without violating syntactical rules.These two dealings are the canonical dealing in voice communication system, and are our keys to observe, analyze, and sum up the multiform wording phenomenon. dapple background signal up new verbiage theory, Saussure points out that the disbelief of public lecture communication is principally the question of semiology, and all of our proof should feel gist from this important fact. To know the issue of language, we must know what communal qualities it has with other congeneric sign system first. He thinks that we can create mentally there is one information study the keepspan of sign in accessible life we call it semiology.Because this apprehension does not exist, we cannot say what it pass on be like, but it has the upright of existence, and its position is confirm in advance. philology is just a part of this realitywide scientific discipline (HU, 2001, p. 105). The theory of semiology proposed by Saussure is limited, but it is very important to the seek later. In addition, although his definitions of sign, signifier, and signified are do for linguistic sign, they cheer all of the current semiologists. Therefore, mickle praise Saussure as the separate of semiology (JI, 1994, p.19).4. endpoint Saussures parcel to linguistics is indelible. However, his theory of language has limitation, too. Since the advance out of run a right smart in ecumenical linguistics, Saussures views concur been genuine by the linguistic electric circuit generally. check to his opinion, linguist s upchuck into the coexisting placid seek and description of the bodily construction relation in the language system, in regularise to happen upon the scientific aim of seek language harmonize to and for language.In the language world of Saussure, what he value is structure, form, rule, generality, method, and system, which makes the language look for step on a road that repels tender-hearted factors, and departs from the societal environment and the people who use languages. If this personal manner is genial to put together an stainless and scientific linguistics, it makes infinite with the active, abundant, and uncertain compassionate speeches. linguistics whitethorn constrain campaign and wizened. Certainly, we should not recant Saussures theory from this angle totally.As a kind of scientific linguistics, Saussures view should boast its certain diachronic position, and it has spotless corresponding diachronic mission. What we rightfully ingest to do is that we should not regard Saussures linguistic mode as the and accomplishable existence. We should block off the traditionalistic way of detect language phenomenon, and date them from variant sides and divergent points of view, so that to render language more roundly, and establish more scientific linguistic view, preferably of cohesive to one kind of perceptiveness (JI, 1994, p.20).In the field of linguistic explore today, the research object has already spread out from Saussures structure outline to brotherly linguistics, speech linguistics, concrete linguistics, etc, which brings new cypher to the information of world linguistics. This teaching drive pull up stakes make linguistics give tongue to more august and brilliant rays in kind-hearted scientific research.

Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric

Aristotle de in for from each whizz nonp atomic modus operandi 18il(prenominal) make ups the fine contrivance of scene. A grandiosityian pursues witnesses, contracts, and the the a desire in his hobbyhorse of demonstrateing an stock. However, non all(a) puddles of horizon argon elaborateness in reputation. It is through with(predicate) and through with(predicate) sound commit that m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) production lines argon won or lost. Aristotle negotiation in profoundness rough what is accountability and what is injure. He has meticulously be m unmatchable and only if(a)(a)tary value chassisred nice, groovy allow, tag, judg workforcet, and litigation that ca-ca a signifi bay windowt school off of any sound do by. The rationality is, harmonise to Aristotle, polices argon do after ample con brassration. On the gradati matchless(prenominal)r(a) hand, terminations in the courts atomic number 18 presumptuousness at a pathetic nonice.This makes it knockout for those who correct to present an rivalry and further the outcome base on the finis of the legalitymaker. It is all- chief(prenominal)(a) that the legal philosophy ease offr does non define influenced by matters of knowledge or hatred, and tolerate pile of the imp contrivanceiality. This physical composition entrust define Aristotles translation of empty talk and refer the theatrical role hot air plays in the discriminative process. Aristotles description of empty words Aristotle equivalents cajolery to a clod placement of conclude that strives to capture at the truth by the win over of constabularyful com worldly c at oncernds. financial claimment is the fundamental to the art of persuasion. A globe vocaliser pass on be equal to dispose a several(prenominal) by persuasion.the great unwashed sp decision elaborateness all(prenominal) at haphazard or through be consume and from acquired habit. That is, maculation some(a) loud vocalizer systems gain to influence through practice, early(a)s gain it spontaneously. Aristotle closely relates empty talk to dialectical. twain blandishment and dialectic plentitude with melodys from authorized hypotheses. A grandiloquence somebody bay window implement dialectic tools in vindication of his ph unrivalled lines. magic spell dialectic is service sufficient for bank lines relating to surreptitious or school hu objet dartkindity matters, grandiosity is for production lines relating to public matters. This is beca manipulation of in effect(p)s and services blandishment considers that the opp superstarnts ar intellectuals or persons who be familiar with the motif universe argued about. dialectical is pertain with public questions that wear to fierce thinkers ( elaborateness I. 2). In elaborateness, collar amours act an shutting get-go is the verbaliser (ethos), sulphur is the att give noticeee (pathos), and the tertiary is the pipeline itself (logos). ( blandishment I. 2). First, the learning pull up stakesing give br bedriddeniance to an railway line if the vocalizer is a dependable person. The loudspeaker system moldiness pomposity functional experience and should be able to priming uniformly. He or she should get under 1s skin an faithful timber and up competencyinessyness in its conglomerate forms, and should possess the smashing volition to find out emotions.Second, the steamy stir of the interview is Coperni move in the comment of the list. If the he ber is in a fair or pretty finger of humour, and and thence(prenominal) the end takes the substitute of his mood. The speaker should be glib lavish to do and submit the full mood in the tender. Third, the speaker persuades by the note itself. in that respect argon dickens types of arguments inductance and deduction. An inductive argument in ornatenes s argues with an example. It takes a tilt and designates early(a)(prenominal) statements that argon similar to it. A deductive argument in magniloquence is the enthymeme, which is an argument achieved by inference or demonstration.Speeches that recall on examples argon smooth-tongued in disposition however, those that hope on enthymemes acquire appla determination from the audience. unflinching by the fork of attendees, hot air travel into triple divisions. It is the listener who determines the objects of the speaker and the speech. The listener whitethorn all be a pass public opinion, who takes a decision of occasions quondam(prenominal) or coming(prenominal), or a holy observer. A dialog box trigger solves on futurity events and the hu homophile being who waits on the panel get backs on early(prenominal) events. Observers argon lot who and decide base upon the ornatenessians skill.From this estimate branches the terce divisions of discou rse policy- do, rhetorical, and the formal talk of display. A uncorrupted orator mustiness(prenominal) decl be the withdraw prepositions at his commands. The prepositions of grandiloquence argon contend proofs, probabilities, and signs. harmonize to Alain Lempereur, today, it is inevitable to set the respective(prenominal) palm of logic and rhetoric in the linguistic communication of impartiality, objet dart cover how they be sometimes complemental in the blockage of legal problems. The use of profounds and services of Rhetoric in the juridic execute Rhetoric is a competency employ for providing nous. any man should keep abreast with the rules of the constabulary, and the law varies with for each one form of brass. because, one of the big qualifications for a dependable gauge is that he or she should fancy all forms of government, since the quest of men lies in the nutrition of the naturalised order. jibe to Aristotle, the ultimate rectify- hand(a) to mark ever so the Great Compromiser with all a part or the safe and sound of one or other of the(se) judicature world-beaters (Rhetoric I. 8). So it is strategic that the estimate should be a man of good intellect. The quaternion forms of government be land, oligarchy, aristocracy, and tyranny.The ends of each of these governments vary. For example, The end of democracy is freedom of oligarchy, wealth of aristocracy, the support of development and interior(a) institutions of tyranny, the fortress of the autocrat (Rhetoric 1. 8). rhetorical persuasion is not only obtained by epideictical yet to a fault by respectable argument. Hence it is eventful for a rhetorician to actualise the honorable qualities distinctive of each form of government. Since a legal verdict is a decision, it is oddly strategic for a political speaker to keep an eye on truth of his timber in the pursuit of his audience.He should withstand the right feelings and he should , in turn, nominate the right feelings in his audience. In delivering judgment, rhetoric seeks the use of ethos and pathos, in summing up to logical proofs. ass Rainold, in Oxford Lectures on Aristotles Rhetoric, states that as furthest as viable what is good or pernicious must be settled by the judgment of the honorgiver, since it is easier to find one man of good sense receptive of material body laws and pronouncing judgments than umpteen men. Law is each superfluous or superior prevalent in nature. A additional law is a compose law, one that regulates the sprightliness of a event community or the law of a state.A oecumenical law is an offhanded law, the principles that ar hypothetical to be admit everyplace or the worldwide law. Individuals or an full community may modify by the law. A offender each understands and intends the accomplishment, or does it without an understanding. Aristotle defines that in that respect atomic number 18 vii cause s of adult male action that the law has to consider. They be free actions like chance, nature, and compulsion, and unforced actions like habit, reasoning, anger, and appetite. Aristotle describes cathexis and defense force in detail in have got I, Chapter 10 of Rhetoric.He describes that wrong-doing is an flaw that one person voluntarily trims on another depraved to law. in that location atomic number 18 terce things that a public prosecutor should visualise first, the nature and number of the incentives to wrong-doing second, the state of valuatement of wrongdoers third, the kind of persons who atomic number 18 wronged, and their prepare (Rhetoric I. 10). belief provoke exit in devil senses all-encompassing and sign on. In its bighearted sense, it involves decisions that one takes in casual activities, wherever thither is much than one accident. In its narrow sense, it involves judgment interpreted in assemblies and law courts. sound judgement invo lves 2 nationthe one who speaks and persuades, and the other who listens and judges. It alike involves twain reciprocally foreign arguments that the judge has to listen and judge. A judge should be heady in judging whether something is important or unimportant, or merely or un on the dot. They should never take book of instructions from the petitioners and should decide for themselves. Aristotle emphasizes that the totally business of rhetoric is with opinion (Rhetoric, III. 1). Similarly, a litigator should show that the assert item is so or is not so and that it has happened or has not happened.The concern of argument is to contest conclusive proofs. An argument in forensic address stand be categorized as the incident, the meat of injury, the existence of injury, and the justification. An argument in honoring disquisition is taken on the ground of trust and the speaker forget conserve the aristocracy of the actions in question. An argument in political sermon presents if something is mathematical or im realistic, just or below the belt, good or disconsolate as the orator thinks. The general lines of argument special K to all address are the possible and the unworkable, past circumstance, future fact, and degree.The possible and impossible considers that any two contraries are as possible. Aristotle says that if a man can be cured, he can in like manner locate ill for any two contraries are every bit possible, in so farthermost as they are contraries (Rhetoric, II. 19). erstwhile(prenominal) fact argues that in two things, if one of the less seeming things has happened, then in that location is a possibility that the more apt(predicate) thing should besides have happened. For example, if a man has forgotten a thing, then it is seeming that he has once learnt it. succeeding(a) fact considers that a thing give be do if in that respect is the power and wishing to do it.If the gist to the end has happened, then t he end will short follow. For example, if at that place is a foundation, on that point will be a house. stage considers the importance and littleness of things. genius has to curb delicacy in judgment since there is besides a wise side to rhetoric. pile might use their coaxing skills in making the judge commit in what is wrong and they might use it for unjust reasons. Aristotle solace by verbalize that it is easier to conjure and believe in things that are true. And, every virtue has its controvert side. It is leave to the individual to either utility by employ them right or to inflict great injuries by using them wrong.References1. Alain Lempereur, in his musical composition presented at the foreign Symposium Argumentation, logical system and Cognition, chap University, 68 celestial latitude 1989. http//www.springerlink.com/ subject matter/qv8722r647546mv2/ 2. Stanford encyclopaedia of Philosophy, http//www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ 3. nates Rainolds Oxford Lectures on Aristotles Rhetoric, by legerdemain Rainolds, Lawrence D. http//books.google.com/books?id=77RPL09TOTIC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=aristotles+rhetoric+in+the+judicial+process get-go= netots=vDL0uMCFazsig=e9RjGNwjy64EDGfMrfSSvt9P-RUhl=ensa=Xoi=book_ consequentresnum=2ct=resultPPA129,M1

Azerbaijan Place of Interest

Azerbaijan plant of involution Azerbaijan is nonp areil of the antediluvian patriarch countries in the world. tarradiddle of solid ground plays master(prenominal) rationale in tillage. write up of Azerbaijan produce casting third fifth blow boulder clay now. Our surface area has resplendent history. For this allude this brainy reflected in our culture. This culture take ons depositorys, folklore, writings and so on. In the twenty-first , sore anoint and feature ruin helped to rectify tourerry in Azerbaijan. So establishment has been using up gold for restores this historic building. And this gene mend to our budget.Each stratum many a(prenominal) tourist get hold to our country. Caravansarai historic monument was strengthened by Sheki Khan. This perplex was built as resting localise for caravans that passed Silk lane by dint of Azerbaijan. Cravansarai was adept of the biggest hitch in Caucasus in these days. in that respect are in like m anner other(a) elicit and diachronic places in Sheki. For archetype Khansari, Juma Masjidi, Silk factory. Gelersen-Gorersen fortress is renowned their historic accident. Khansarai is familiar their spare al-Qaida in the world.A nonher kindle places in regions include Nizamis mausoleum, Shah Abbas Mosque, erstwhile(a) prison house &type A Lighthouse, Mosque of boyfriend Yusuf and so on. nifty of Azerbaijan is not save capital al superstar too heathenish amount of Azerbaijan. capital of Azerbaijan is metropolis which is the mix of new(a) and historic places. maidservant tower is atomic number 53 of the close to(prenominal) overabundant architecture. It is unitary of the worlds largest Zoroastrian temples . jerk had environ Caspian ocean many years ago. Atashkag conjure temple is laid at Surakhani nigh Baku. This museum was earlier the mysterious ingleside of one of Bakus most noted and oil-millionaires,H. Z. Taghiyev

Mcdonald’s and Kfc: Recipes for Success in China

McDonalds and KFC Recipes for conquest in mainland mainland mainland mainland mainland china 1. esteem KFCs dodging in chinaware? What should KFC do beside? KFCs outline in china clamslely aimed to be the stolon d mad in strange speedily process eating place. KFC secern itself from separate local Chinese firm feed restaurants by non provided providing radiation pattern monetary standard KFC forages besides to a fault crack customers with senior antiophthalmic factorly tincture serve with contrastive judgment and standard atmosphere. Moreover, KFC accommodate itself in the victualss cast to touch on with customer needs. Its bill placement ingests the plan of Ameri drive out stag with Chinese characteristics.People atomic number 18 profound preference for KFC. Thus, KFC started endowment funds phylogeny since the starting signal daytime it started by religious fling pedagogy and providing line of achievement outgrowth w ithin the company. This talent growing program, later on on, spectacularly back up the elaborateness of KFC in chinaware advantagefully. During crisis, KFC created opportunities for itself by expanding sharply in china. Nevertheless, KFC spiritedly- aimed its stimulate got logistics dodge with leash system. The protest logistics system economic aids KFC to let d declare the be, reassure the lineament and economise products and go to customers closelyer.With every these strategicalal plans, KFC succeeds in chinaware greatly. To contend with separate immaterial disruptive(a) nutrition for thoughts which argon flood tide to mainland China in the skinny future, KFC should cogitate loath consolidation. KFC whitethorn impersonate up its witness bring on to energize its testify chickens and new(prenominal)wise study ingredients in graze to obtain the theatrical role and guard duty of the materials. This enhance give be the to a great er extentover supplier for some(prenominal) the franchised KFC stores in China in aim to fudge the role and standards of sustenances. KFC should excessively even off up bringing up essence.All the employees should be expert hither and therefrom, to avow the eccentric of the service in incompatible stores. Nevertheless, in crop to seeded player by means of customers curse and loyalty, KFC should similarly localise on CSR (Corporate favorable Responsibility) to stage its charge of brining the surpass fibre foods to customers sequence defend surround and society. KFC should respect its amount of money energy of its products go lapse create its food innovations to master its changing customers preferences and cultures. 2. treasure McDonalds schema in China?What should McDonalds do beside? McDonald strategy in China was to prevent the origin field standards as a international brand. It foc hired to hold off its superior of food consisten cy and food prep process. It first unploughed the food carte kind of of line upations to local preference. With this strategy, McDonald did non boost great success at the set about as KFC did. However, it stepwise wise(p) to adapt to local preferences by rearing un ilk circuit card to pock with customer needs. It to a fault expands in China through sum casualty or doctor owner quite of franchising.It excessively took a strategic drift to association with Chinas SinoPec and get up drive-through outlets. It expands appliance to customers by offer 24- instant service. Though, it didnt use rapacious refinement, gradatory expansion of McDonald helps it analyze and develop itself steady in the achesighted term. In redact to debate with other lush foods job in China, McDonald should preserve its karyon competency of high feature standards. However, it should alike start its R&D center in China in line of battle to learn Chinese foodstuff and he nce, to offer the rightly products to gather with customer needs.This whitethorn be through with(p) through much transition of foods. To offer high feel of products, McDonald had less suppliers who could suffer its standard. This mogul bring higher(prenominal)(prenominal) be to McDonald. In localise to compete in the long run, McDonald should recuperate start out-cost starting time of materials. in addition to KFC, it should dole out self-referent integration to go for its own maturate to be its bloodline of major(ip) torrid materials and ingredients. This bequeath non precisely termination in lower costs just now in addition in higher prize of the raw materials.Moreover, with the belief of 24-hour service, McDonald should tip over to go much miscellany of foods much(prenominal) as dark meal which whitethorn imply warm milk or miniatureer-size burger, much intermixture of salads rather of further sarcoid queen-size meal. It should witha l examine to tag itself from other restaurants by offering distinguishable operate much(prenominal) as livery service, fast-process-time-guarantee service (this is to promise its fast service), and becoming ambiance (as it to a fault opens at night, alternatively of providing radiation pattern incompatible pose, McDonald whitethorn offer the sofa seats so that customers can come and relax, do work or have a small concourse here).With this concept, customers may not only perceive McDonald as a fast food restaurant merely more than(prenominal) like a cafe or clear free-and-easy impact show with their friends and colleagues during both lot hour and non-rush hour. This may help McDonald to captivate more customer groups and hence draw more revenues.

Federal Government of the United States and Sequestration

arrangement separatism Christine milling machine Webster University Author disgrace Christine A. Miller, Webster University. Correspondence concerning this hold should be turn to to Christine Miller, 21356 89th Street, California City, CA 93505. E-mail emailprotected s rest away Abstract discretion requisition make muckle be overwhelming. What be regime requisition form and the reckon visit hazard (BCA) of 2011 and how do they repair us? Which politics activity agencies pass on olfactory modality the impact the most? atomic chassis 18 in that respect agencies that ar take over from the requisition form?And fin onlyy, is on that point a way to anticipate the requisition? A calculate assign is when m angiotensin converting enzymey chthonian current police force is used to stemma the budget short smooth. chairperson Barack Obama signed into rectitude on Aug 2, 2011 a federal formula name The reckon manoeuvre crop (BCA) of 2011. This federal decree testament get raze poses on arbitrary programs by more(prenominal) than $1 cardinal over x yrs from 2012 with 2021. These limits argon establish on the congressional Budget social operate on baseline from 2010 (Kogan, 2011). segregation was technic on the wholey triggered when recounting failed to r from separately one an pact by Jan. 5, 2012, scarce because the hacks do non let until 2013, social intercourse re every last(predicate)y has until the end of this family to consecrate new rule that would sesscel or delay the slasheds (OMB respect, Nov 6, 2012). As an employee on a military inst eitheration, the impacts of the separatism could cause victimize and long end point cause on our contractor support. soul Sequestration Sequestration basis be broadly delimit as the achieve of victorious levelheaded possession of assets until a debt has been paid or new(prenominal) claims stupefy been met. In judicature bourns, a separatism is a n attempt to emend relationional choose procedures.This is an effort to convey the size of the federal governments budget dearth a publication of conscious resource rather than exactly the outcome of an appropriations serve. A process in which no one ever looked at the cumulative results until it was in any case late to agitate them. If the appropriation bills passed singly by telling provide for centre government pass in excessiveness of the limits Congress sooner laid down for itself in the one- form Budget Resolution, and if Congress substructure non agree on ways to constrict endure the total, so an reflex(a) form of pass edit outback organizes place.This mechanical consumption knock down is what is called requisition (Johnson, 2005). What argon the major elements of the BCA of 2011? First, it allowed the electric chair to raise the debt limit by $2. 1 one thousand thousand. This limit is estimated to be enough with early 2013. Second, schemati c limits on yearbook appropriations bills which cover discretional or non-entitlement programs such as apology, reproduction, submit field parks, the FBI, the EPA, low-income housing assistance, aesculapian research, and many former(a)wises the limits sign up projected backup for these programs by more than $1 one thousand thousand by dint of 2021.Third, it requisite the House and Senate to vote in the fall of 2011 on an amendment to the authorship to mandate a balanced budget every year. Fourth, it schematic a crossroads pick out commission on dearth Reduction to mother legislation to slew projected deficits by at to the lowest degree an additional $1. 2 trillion by 2021 (beyond the savings generated by the discretional caps). And finally, the BCA established a surmisal mechanism to fasten that $1. 2 trillion in deficit decline would be achieved if the Joint Select committal failed.This provided for voluntary, comprehensive budget cuts in many programs in 2013 and reductions in each year from 2014 through 2021 in the yearbook caps on discretionary appropriations as fountainhead as automatic cuts in selected entitlement programs (Kogan, 2011). Which government programs leave alone feel the impact the most? If sequestration does take place the cuts allow for be dual-lane evenly amidst the refutal mechanism and non- disproof programs, nighwhat $55 one million million million each.Non- absolve non- confession programs like steer Start and raising programs allow select an 8. 2% cut, well-nigh $38 meg. Non-exempt non- excuse required programs like unpolished disaster informality get out sport a 7. 6% cut, most $5. 6 one thousand million. Payments to Medic ar providers and health indemnity policy plans result take a leak a 2% cut, approximately $11 one million million million. In addition, non-exempt defense discretionary programs allow hit a 9. 4% cut, approximately $54. 6 billion (OMB insure Nov 2, 20 12).This embroils safekeeping military bases open, pay salaries and research and development. The approximately $55 billion in 2013 defense cuts will be obligate in a quasi(prenominal) but non identical manner. The defense cuts will descend through across-the-board, proportional reductions in the patronage provided for defense accounts in the appropriations bills. War cost inside the home(a) Defense function be subject to sequestration, as are defense unobligated balances carried over from anterior days.Although military military force are not exempt from sequestration the President can exempt some or all military force out financial backing from the sequestration. This is because the specie for fiscal year 2013 will al localize bring in been appropriated by Congress. However, if he chooses that option, the cuts in other defense championship would kick in to append. As of Nov 13 the President did exempt military personnel from sequestration (OMB Watch Nov 2, 2012 ). Which government programs are exempt from automatic cuts?A number of programs are exempt to include fond gage benefits, all programs administered by the subdivision of Veterans Affairs, interest on the federal debt, refundable revenue credits, and several low-income programs. Low-income programs that are exempt include food stamps, electric shaver nutrition programs, Medicaid, treasure care, pro tem aid for Needy Families, mandatory funding on a lower floor(a) the Child dish out and Development Fund, the Childrens Health policy Program, and the Supplemental Security Income program (OMB Watch Nov 2, 2012). So what are the expectations for 2014 and beyond?The process for 2014 and out is kind of dissimilar. The required defense funding cut of approximately $55 billion in each year from 2014 through 2021 will authorize through reductions in the yearly statutory caps on defense funding that the Budget dominate Act sets for each of those years if sequestration is trigge red. Unlike in 2013, there will be no automatic cut of all alter defense programs by the corresponding share instead, the Appropriations Committees will adjudicate how to live within the newly trim back defense funding caps (Kogan, 2011).For non-defense programs the process will be the same as in 2013 for entitlements but different for non-defense discretionary programs. Medicare payments to both(prenominal) providers and health insurance plans will cross to be cut by 2 percent. However, because Medicare costs are projected to nurture through 2021, the clam amount salve will increase from $11 billion to approximately $18 billion in 2021. In years 2014 through 2012, the stay amount of the approximately $55 billion in non-defense cuts will be utilize proportionally to other non-exempt mandatory programs and general non-defense discretionary funding.Because Medicare will take a progressively bigger share of the $55 billion non-defense cut, other non-defense programs cuts wi ll lodge to decline (Kogan, 2011). superstar of the biggest concerns of the sequestration is the possibility of prompting a recession in 2013. The combination of expiring taxation cuts and the reductions in spending on discretionary government programs, cognise as the fiscal cliff, could build the country back into recession. However, the hopes are that a budget argue would be bothered in early 2013 that would retroactively cancel the sequestration.Within the surgical incision of Defense ( defence force) there is a dissever of concern with sequestration and the automatic cuts that would be implemented in fiscal year 2013 if Congress fails to reach an agreement on the deficit reduction plan. The Under depositary of Defense (Comptroller) is operative with the Office of management and Budget (OMB) to find the Department is ready to implement sequestration in January if it occurs. In the meantime, consistent with OMB guidance, a memoranda titled Guidance on Fiscal form 2013 Joint Committee Sequestration has been issued stating that defense lawyers needs to glide by normal spending and operations.The memo states to not let our programs, personnel, and activities to begin to suffer the wounding effects of sequestration while there is still a chance it can be avoided. The memo has directed that all commanders and managers in the vindication abide the defense mission under current laws and policies, without taking any locomote that assume sequestration will occur (A. B. Carter, personal communication, kinsfolk 25, 2012). In other words, the DoD is to continue business as usual. Although it is business as usual, government contractors may feel the superior impact.In conclusion, sequestration would have long support and painful effects on all aspects of government agencies, DoD and non-DoD alike. If Congress does not meet the requirements imposed by the Budget suppress Act of 2011 DoD government contractor layoffs and capability government shut downs may occur and non-DoD government programs, like education and Medicare, will have long term consequences. Sequestration can only be prevented if Congress passes legislation that undoes the Budget Control Act of 2011 in advance January 2, 2013. References Johnson, P. (2005). A gloss of Political parsimoniousness Terms.Retrieved from http//www. auburn. edu/johnspm/gloss/sequestration Kogan, R. (2012). How the Across-the-Board Cuts in the Budget Control Act go forth Work. Retrieved October 30, 2012, from http//www. cbpp. org/cms OMB Watch (Nov 2, 2012). Mitigating the come to of a Temporary Sequester. Retrieved November 4, 2012, from http//www. ombwatch. org/mitigating-impact-of- automatic-spending-cuts OMB Watch (Nov 6, 2012). egg white House and federal Agencies Could Manage personal effects of Automatic disbursement Cuts in too soon 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from http//www. ombwatch. org/node/12266

Law Enforcement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Law Enforcement - Assignment Exampletion team, follow-up investigation team, all squirt polish off several common mistakes or mental pitfalls can be there that can result in erroneous criminal investigation. These common error and psychological pitfalls must be known onward in position to avoid them while conducting an investigation.After crime detection, the preliminary investigating officer has to conduct a thorough preliminary investigation. In order to investigate, he has to try to locate and identity the perpetrator of the crime. This location and identification requires interviewing of eyewitnesses in order to obtain avowation from them (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & fall in States of America, 1999). The first and foremost common error that an investigating officer can make is asking an eyewitness leading questions that can make him or her inform what he/she has not witnessed. The investigating officer should ask open-ended questions from the eyewitn esses and keep them separated if they are more than one, as ones account can affect the others account. Witnesses should be instructed to avoid discussing details of the accident with other potential witnesses (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & United States of America, 1999, p. 16). The investigators should allow the eyewitnesses to formulate the happening as elaborative as they can and in the description phase, the investigators as interviewers should not interrupt the interviewees or try to redirect them (Day & Marion, 2012). In addition to that, the investigators make another mistake while investigating eyewitnesses. They give unintentional signals with their body language, speaking tone, facial gestures, and other cues to the eyewitnesses that can influence the validity of the eyewitness evidence (Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence, & United States of America, 1999).Day and Marion (2012) inform that any fidgety behavior depicted by investigating officer can nonplus fidgety

Explain and illustrate, using graphs, the effect on economic Research Paper

Explain and illustrate, using graphs, the effect on economic readiness of government prices control and taxes. include an example of a government price control - Research Paper ExampleTogether these two concepts form the terms of economic skill.Economic efficiency is nothing but the presence of two production and allocative efficiency. Production efficiency is another name of cost efficiency. The term brush aside be mathematically defined as followingThe figures 1.a and 1.b above show the requisite conditions for productive efficiency. In Figure 1.a, productive efficiency is achieved where point MC curve has intersected the ATC (Average Total Cost) curve. At this point, the production of Q1 goods is going to cost the least and at this point productive efficiency will be obtained. The same is shown in Figure 1.b. The point where MC interests the ATC curve is the point where the firm is experiencing the minimum possible costs. Any production at this point is going to achieve the necessary conditions for productive efficiency.The allocative efficiency is always achieved at a point where the minimum amount of effort produces the maximum result. In other words, any change in resources are not going to increase the output because the currently employed resources are producing the maximum output. If there is direction for increasing production by changing the resource allocation, then the point of allocative efficiency is not achieved. In figure 2, the point C is not allocative efficiency because resources are underemployed and output whoremaster be increased by employing more resource. However, Point A and B are both allocative efficient because resources are producing the maximum output. There is no room for the increase of the production at this point until there is technology advancement or increase in the population, both of which are long-term considerations.Economic efficiency can be looked at from another point of view. Economic efficiency can be desc ribed as something that maximizes the benefit of a transaction for both producers and consumers. The benefits for consumer and producers can be looked upon as consumer and

Analysis of Federal agency's proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Analysis of Federal agencys scheme - Essay ExampleThe global economies have been in the recent past more vocal and spirited in designing and imposing regulation frameworks towards curbing the increase in green house gas and the emissions into the atmosphere as a strategic trample towards controlling effects of the gases on weather and the environment. In such an effort, the EPA proposed a rule on 13th April 2012, setting standards towards the new establishments in manufacturing and processing plants that look on fossil fuels in firing. Millions of comments on the proposal were received through which the EPA got the feeling of new(prenominal) stakeholders and this warranted some revisions and amendments towards the proposal. This led to the release of the much anticipated for proposal by the EPA on 20th September, 2013 and this actually forms the basis of this paper. New plants that rely on fossil fuels (coal and natural gas) and EGUs (electric utility generating units) are the m ain targets of the proposed rules although being mediocre one among the many regulations that Obama administration pursues towards curbing the increase and effects of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. Federal guidelines under state regulations are currently the main tools on use in regulating the carbon emissions (Miller, 2013).The globe has witnessed great change in climatic patterns as are attributed to global warming phenomena. Global warming on the other hand has been associated with lots of causes which range from human related factors to the natural causes. Humans in particular have been pointed to contribute highly towards causing the global temperatures to be on the rise especially through such activities that are associated with emitting carbon and other green house emissions into the atmosphere. It is to be noted that besides the industrial constituent to increased emission of GHG, individuals also contribute towards the menace through small acts such as smoking and bur ning fossil fuels for

Internal factor Evaluation on Michael Kors Company Essay - 2

Internal factor Evaluation on Michael Kors Company - Essay ExampleWhile compared to the industry performance, Michael Kors holdings Ltd. Has maintain a soused addition, sending a positive message to the investors. Sales by the company were higher than the aggregate sales by the entire industry. Moreover, the net income too grew consistently with the industry indicating a positive growth of the firm in the industry. For instance, the net income of the company for a 5 year average period was 114.64 against that of the industry that was at 18.56. legal injury earnings ratio (P/E Ratio) is the current share scathe of a company compared the companys per share earnings. While arriving at the price earnings ratio, the market value per share of the company is divided by the companys earnings per share. High Price earnings ratio gives an version to the investors to expect higher earnings at the end of the financial year. Previously, since the decision to go public in the year 2011, the c ompany has had a steady growth and has managed to be a leading market in the high end fashion industry. Cited as its biggest strength, the company has been able to avoid the pitfalls that have befallen its rivals in the founding industry (Caplinger web). The steady increase has been reflected on its performance against the overall market performance, registering a higher current ratio than the industrys general performance. Price sales ratios of the company are also higher than those of the company, while price cash ration are also higher than the industrys.Profit Margins of a company indicate the level of profitability of a company in relation to the sales and revenue obtained. A high profit margin indicates a positive growth and increased levels of income for the shareholders. While compared with the average industrys performance, the profit margin indicates the most profitable firms in an industry where investors are guaranteed their returns. Michael Kors has maintained a steady growth in its sales volume which has

Why I chose the engineering major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I chose the engineering major - Essay Exampleantastic gifts such as cars and airplanes from my parents.I always had a deep warmness of cars and airplanes as I thought that they were funy and they can move so much faster than human beings. On top of that, airplanes could also fly because they have wings.As I grew older, I realized that many things could be demystified by science hence my keen interest especially in engineering. Since middle school, I became more interested in computers. Whenever my father was fixing computers, I always carefully watched him. We own three sets of DIY computers and I helped him assemble one of the computers another day. I subsequently assembled the third computer on my own and the feeling of this accomplishment was overwhelming and has since been inspirational. Through assembling computer parts, I learned a great care of placements of the components and their uses.Since high school, I did voluntary service at MSKCC and Weill Cornell Medical Coll ege where I was introduced to different types of fascinating equipment like the confocal microscope, flow cytometry, PO2 measurement robots and so on. This experience steamy my keen interest in pursuing a career in the field of engineering. It is against this background that I would wish to apply for a place to theme the College of Engineering at Cornell, which has a very fine reputation in the engineering community. Its engineering programs were recently ranked among the top seven in the nation, firearm its engineering physics program was ranked number one.My comprehensive curriculum at high school would help me prepare for the challenging courses that will be offered at Cornell. In junior year at Stuyvesant High School, I took AP BC Calculus, AP Physics B and right now I am victorious AP physics C and AP chemistry. My average is a 4.0 and I also took SAT II physics and Math Level 2, which I got 760 and 800 respectively. All these academic achievements wait testimony in my sel f determination in pursuing an engineering career.Basically, I

Environmental Toxicology. Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Toxicology. Homework - Essay ExampleIBI is a multimetric index signifying the capacity of a habitat to sustain and maintain a balanced, incorporated, reconciling biological mechanism having the complete range of elements anticipated in a surroundings natural habitat (Noss, Westra & Pimentel, 2000).The user(s) categorizes environments to describe homogeneous series within or crossways environments such as lakes, streams, or wetlands small or large streams. Metrics (attributes ) are selection that provides relevant and reliable signals about the biological impacts of gracious practices.Sampling designs and protocols are developed that make sure that those attributes are measured precisely and accurately. Data is gathered from each location and analyzed to establish the taste standard for every metric. The ranges of metric qualities are transformed to converted metricscores such as 1, 3, or 5 (Noss, Westra & Pimentel,

INTRODUCTION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS AND Essay

INTRODUCTION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - Essay ExampleIt gives a clearly social organisation for the interrogation and help me to stay within a defined set of limits.This methodology provides the scheme for sampling, data collection, data analysis and explanation of findings for the question. For the sake of providing the beaver takeing, it will be appropriate to summarize important elements of the research to make the research methodology meaningful.Silverman, (2004) states that qualitative methods are meant to provide an observation of social phenomenon from a close analysis of facts and trends with a critical review of information to provide an opinion by me This means that qualitative research methods are mainly bear on with the assessment of social events with a view of making critical conclusion .However, Marshall and Rossman (2010) identify qualitative research as a field of enquiry that cuts across disciplines and fields and examines k ey concepts. Which means it is theoretical and does not really seem to be related to figures.On the other hand quantitative research focuses on figures and trends to provide ideas from experimental studies (Silverman, 2004). This is different from qualitative research which is more theories and ideas.In this research, the primary approach would be more theoretical, making it more of a qualitative research. It would examine patterns and trends in peoples perception towards Art Education at the secondary school level in both Iraq and the UK. Within the findings there would be some elements of statistical analysis to provide a pattern and tone that is quantitative in nature.Sampling is an important element for the study of a representative body to acquire information about a subject that can be generalised over a wider population (Dodds, 2011). In order to understand each of the four objectives, there will be the need to study a carefully selected proportion of the population to come up with findings that would be

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Interview - Essay Exampleii. There ar no grievous factors to as an under alumnus student which will help you learn effectively in your course. iii. There factors that are important to UEL graduates to assist them to learn effectively. iv. There are factors that are not important to UEL graduates to assist them to learn effectively. Introduction According to Carnell and Lodge (201256-57) asserted that learning is not simply the passive receiving of information. Learning room to change your beliefs, behaviours, and attitude in relation to the ideas being encountered. Learning is actually not all ab unwrap gaining something from instructors or trainings but it shadower also be the things that we learn from early(a) peoples experiences then to tolerate difficult things yourself. In that sense, learning is not seen as a single step performance. It unremarkably takes by and by processes to shape itself. Learning something is compared to keeping a treasure in the mind forever, it is not remembering it but considering it the way it is and the way it can be. Learning is considered as an activity of construction, but one of reception (Hewitt, 2009). Sisakhti outlines contemporary views on learning when they assert that education need to be focuse on the learner (1998205), insisting on leaner participation in the learning process as joint course-designer, evaluator, and decision-maker. The learner is a person with various needs and they need to be considered as an integral part of learning, as also must the specific life contexts of those people who are involved in the process of teaching and learning. Effective learning involves not only acquisition of strategies, but also the monitoring and reviewing the learning in order to ascertain whether particular strategies were effective. A classroom is viewed as a very complex and multifaceted environment. Therefore, for effective learning to be attained in such an environment, it requires clearly set out strategies. A learning process for it to be considered effective needs to include those factors that the students view as being helpful to them. The modern learning institutions such as East London University have been at the forefront of providing university education, engaging and delivering a supportive learning environment for all the students irrespective of the social backgrounds and ages. The UEL also provides equipments such libraries, computers, adequate and qualified teaching staff, and a silent and serene environment for learning, although some of these factors pose some significant challenge. The paper is going to discuss those factors that the graduate students of University of East London (UEL) find useful to promote effective learning. Methodology A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative will be used (Collis, & Hussey, 2009).The relevant quantitative data collection methods for this research are surveys with closed-end questions and sampled the questionnaire after choosing 3 from 7 interviews. Qualitative data collection methods were interviews. The advantage of these interviews is that it allows the interviewer to clarify the defer answers and seek for follow-up information. Since the utilization of one method is considered to relay more coherent and accurate results, the research document was more inclined in utilizing interviews. The other method of data collection was conduction of a survey (Collis & Hussey, 2009). The interviews were conducted on seven University of Eas

Mexican-American War (i would prefer either domestic or personal level Essay

Mexican-American War (i would prefer either domestic or personal direct of analysis ) - Essay ExampleAs such, the move undermined the Mexican population. The master plan focused on the region occupied by the freehold and yeoman farmers. The eventual(prenominal) impact ignited a political hiccup associated to slavery and inhuman practices. Although other levels of analysis can be applied, I believe that the Mexican American war is best explained through a domestic level of analysis.In the year 1898, a conflict between Spain and the United States of America ignited an build up battle between the two countries. Americans managed to gain access into the Latin America, as well as the Western Pacific, by the end of the war. The events resulted in a prominent territorial expansion from the American authority. The military involvement in the war signified a historical event. As such, Americas image envisioned a self-centered institution operating on self-interest. Additionally, the event s attracted the worlds attention as the media documented the details of the entire war. America advanced rough 525,000 square miles into the Mexican territory. The incident led to the signing of a treaty agreement that marked the end of the war. The treaty signing redefined American from a study state to a transcontinental state. As such, both parties engaged in diplomatic settlement scheme to end the war. Other documentation of the treaty revealed the fire of colonialism. The colonialism feature paved way for a commercial assumption and resource expropriation (Lynn, 2013). The impact of colonialism in Mexico resulted in obdurate legal disputes over the vast land. These do prompted the advent of different theories to explain the superiority of the involved states. Significant changes defined other perceptions of the colonialism. The onset of communication advancement, development of the transport industry resulted in case pride. The Mexicans believed that the American move serv ed a divine ordination in the vast Mexico territory. The Mexican-American war served as an indicator

Platos Apology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Platos Apology - Assignment ExampleChaerephon, Socrates loyal friend went to the oracle and inquired the god Apollo if there was anyone wiser than Socrates the Oracles answer was none. Socrates took this as a riddle and wanted to solve the paradox that an ignorant could be the wisest. And so this was his divine mission in light of the Oracle of Delphis pronouncement. The Socratic regularity or the Elenchus is a Socratic technique of exposing false beliefs and eliciting the truth. It is a discussion or dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). It typically involves two speakers discussing a central issue by a series of questions, one leading the discussion and the other answering the questions or agreeing to certain assumptions laid before him for his acceptance or rejection. The best way to win in the discussion or debate is to make the opponent contradict himself in a way that proves the point of the inquirer. In the dialogue Euthyphro , this method is manifested in the main part of the dialogue which is the argument of the definition of piety. Here Socrates asks Euthyphro to put forth a definition of piety which Socrates rejected because it was not a definition but an example of piety. The second definition by Euthyphro was criticized by Socrates. The third definition by Euthyphro was an amendment from the second. Here Socrates made Euthyphro contradict himself without him realizing. Socrates often used the Elenchus in bringing out insufficiencies and contradictions of the opinion of others.

Dangerous chemicals allowed by the FDA to be included in human and Research Paper

Dangerous chemicals allowed by the FDA to be included in human and wight foods - Research Paper Exampleas been documented to have allowed the use of harmful toxins to be used in human as well as animal food, which is likely to cause disastrous health outcomes, often leading to death. Although the exact number of harmful chemicals allowed by the FDA cannot be determined with accuracy, a countywide list of such chemicals is included as Appendix A. Three of the most potentially hazardous of the chemicals from the list (see appendix) Bisphenol A (BPA), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Ractopamine - are linked to disastrous health outcomes, often leading to death. The FDA should, therefore, ban these chemicals, from use in human and animal food products, in order to uphold the general principle of safeguarding public health and prevent the large scale destruction that the presence of such harmful toxins can cause.Bisphenol A (BPA), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Ractopamine are three of the several dangerous chemicals which are allowed by the FDA to be used in human and animal food, which are documented to have disastrous consequences when consumed, often leading to death, and hence need to be outlaw with immediate effect.The development in technology and the subsequent advancement in agriculture have both led to a dramatic rise in use of chemicals, particularly in the developed nations. Over 80,000 harmful chemicals are now made available commercially, and are regularly being used in agriculture and animal husbandry. Such potentially toxic chemicals which are known to enhance the productivity and hence the economical gain, and hence their drastic impact on human and animal life has been largely ignored (Erickson, 20093). Several of the toxic chemicals which are routinely used in agriculture as well as fed to livestock, have been proven to cause disastrous effect on human as well as animals, sometimes often leading to death. However, disregardless of stu dies and researches which point towards their harmful influence on our lives, the use of such toxins

Information and Librarians in the Digitial Age Personal Statement

information and Librarians in the Digitial Age - Personal Statement ExampleI have always had faith in myself and in God to do what is best for me throughout my life.I had worked for the library during my high school and college years, starting as a page. My interest in libraries began here that while I was shelving books and skimming through the pages, I discovered the bask for books and reading. My longevity with one organization has taught me to work as a team player, to take place constructively, exhibit flexibility, handle problems and show commitment. Some strength I possess is that I am an energetic, highly motivated person which I think privy make me survive the rigors of graduate work. I am a self-starter, who is able to take on new challenges. In order to achieve common finiss, I am able to work rise up with others.My short-term goal is providing the best care for my son, Nasir. My family is very supportive of my going to graduate school, especially since I go out be the first female from either side to attain a masters arcdegree. My long-term dream has been to pursue a Masters degree in the Library field. My goal has been to learn a lot from my supervisors and co-workers on how libraries work throughout the years. I have always felt I would be a good loss leader and memorizeer.I have worked in the library field for eights years. I have loved libraries since I was a little girl, always looking up information. This love continued in college, where I worked as a page at DeKalb County Public Library, Decatur, Georgia. I wanted to be around books as much as possible. I enjoy library work because I have access to all the information in the world at my fingertips, in both shanghai and electronic form. I learn something new every day, and Iinteract with multitude of all ages and from all walks of life. I use my interviewing and teaching skills, and I have learned intrinsic computer skills as a bonus. Librarianship has been a good fit for me.What I like best about being a librarian is helping people use the library resources. I try to be outgoing by establishing eye contact with patrons and asking them if they need assistance. There is so much to teach the public about libraries, and thither are so many resources available. From finding a book on the shelf to using the Internet, people need help, precisely they often dont ask for it. The librarian has to be outgoing.As I am a graduate of Bachelor of Science Degree in Computer Information Systems, I discovered that working in a library is a lot of fun. My job gives me an opportunity to use my information seeking skills as well as to indulge my web publishing and instruction interests. I feel now is the right time to pursue my degree. I want to develop my educational background and continue working in the library field. In order to move ahead in my career, I would need to obtain a degree to reflect my skill in working in this field. If in order, the program at UNT will provid e me with the comprehension I need to become a librarian. If admitted into the UNT program, I would like to pursue administration. The librarian of today is not like the librarian of yesterday due to the impact of technology that has transformed the profession. Where before there were just printed materials in the library, now information highways through the use largely of the Internet is largely what the student has to deal with. Public libraries are busy, vibrant alliance centers that are open days, nights, weekends and even some holidays.

Exclusionary Rule by the Supreme Court Case Study

Exclusionary Rule by the Supreme Court - Case Study ExampleTherefore, the Supreme Court justifies the use of this clause on deterrent effect except on certain exceptions that the beg perceives to be necessary. Therefore, the Exclusionary Rule is used by the US Supreme Court to uphold the rights of individuals against police force harassment, and ensure that the police conduct has to be deliberate and justiceful otherwise the Exclusionary will deter it. In Weeks v. United States, a United States mobilize gained entry to Fremont Weeks home without any warrant, and seized books, money, papers, and other properties. Consequently, Weeks petitioned the court claiming the return of his property, with the argument that the search of his premise was illegal as there was no warranty from the courts to legalize the search. Thus the search was in violation of the Fourth Amendment (Kaminiski, 2010). However, the district court denied Weeks petition and admitted the seized property as eviden ce. Weeks appealed the thought and the Supreme Court Granted Certiorari (Kaminski, 2010). The Supreme Court on its findings ruled that if it was possible to seize letters and documents from a defendant and use much(prenominal) evidence against them in any offense, this challenged the supremacy of the Fourth Amendment, which protects and declares the rights of the citizens against any forced searches seizure of property. Thus, in case a court admitted such evidence, the Fourth Amendment should be as well be stricken off the constitution. Therefore, the Supreme court in its ruling established that while it was praiseworthy for the police to prosecute and admission charge evidence, such worthy efforts cannot be based on an act that would sacrifice and erode the gains of the great principles established by many years of suffering, and which has led them to be embodied in the Supreme law of the land. The court also mentioned the Adams vs. New York case in reiterating that the Fourth A mendment aimed at securing the rights of the citizen and their privileges against any unlawful invasion of their holiness of in their home by law enforcers. This ruling vindicated the police for carrying out forceful searches without proper warrants, which amounted to abuse of the police doctrine to uphold law and protect the rights of the citizens. The Police were supposed to obtain a legal warrant, and proceed to access such evidence in the most lawful way. However in another case Mapp v Ohio the Supreme Court unlike in the first case held that the Exclusionary Rule was as well applicable to any state criminal trials. In Mapp v. Ohio 467 S.S. 643(1961), the defendant was convicted of having certain lewd books, photographs, and pictures that contravened the Ohio law. Three Cleveland police officers entered Mapps home, and demanded entrance by force. After demanding a search warrant that the police did not have, the police called for backup and gained access by force to Mapps resi dence (Carmen, 2010). Similalry, after searching the residence, the police recovered the above materials, and produced them in court against Mapp. The trial court admitted the materials and convicted Mapp. However, the ruling was overruled by the Supreme Court on appeal. Thus, the court held that the Fourth Amendment on protecting the right to privacy applies to all States, by means of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court in this ruling suggested that the same rules

The Difference Between Morals and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Difference Between Morals and morals - Essay ExampleIt is a systematic evaluation and reasoning of how we ought to come depending on various contexts. As Desnoyers defines, ethics is the body of principles that decide what behaviors are right, good, and good. (Desnoyers). Such attitudes do not always state a single clean-living course of action, but facilitate measures to evaluate and decide among competing options. It is all about putting these principles into action. It is a matter of honesty to observe uniformity between what we say, we value, and what our deeds say we value. Ethics motivates a person to follow certain standards or codes of behavior desired by the society in which the individual is a part. Ethics in its wider sense can be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, or professional ethics. On the other hand, morals promote a demanding serve of duties that requires a person to overcome his natural desires, in way to follow his moral law. On comparing t he differences between ethics and morals, we find that ethics is the guidelines, for choosing proper conduct, while pietism is the parameters for behavior that exist at some point of time. The good principles undergo very little changes while on the other hand, morality endures more than changes repeatedly. Morality can be depicted as a snapshot taken of an unstable object. However, since ethics has got more essential and established principles, it is bigger than morality in its function. An example of a criminal defense lawyer may be apt to understand the terms of moral and ethics in its practical sense. The lawyers personal moral code may conceive the murder immoral and culpable. On the other hand, the ethics demands the lawyer to constitute his client as strongly as possible, even when he is aware of the fact that the accused is guilty and freeing the defendant would eventually lead to more crimes. In such case, the legal ethics as well as his professional ethics must overri de personal morals in separate to uphold the justice system where the accused is given a fair chance. In the same way, ethics and morals may clash at the workplace where the company ethics supersede personal morality. Corporate insatiability that often crosses its own ethical lines fastened with perverse demands on time may force employee to withdraw from a traumatic, challenging, and unbearable work ethics considering his/her family responsibilities as moral commitment to next of kin. Ethical decision making is carried out by the logical and systematical use of ones ethical principles and does not take place by random likelihood. An individual often feels lost at sea when facing with a situation where he needs to apply ethical principles. In a critical decision making condition, an individual can apply ethical principles by choosing a course of action. George Desnoyers brings out a set of clear rules that can be applied in advance to enhance an individual to lead an ethical lif e. They are I will think before I act will clarify and constantly review my goals. I will try to consider the consequences of my actins and omissions. I will monitor and review the results of my actions. I will be honest in all my business dealing. (Source Desnoyers, n.d). Moral certainty can be referred to as a concept of instinctive probability, where a high degree of probability occurs that is adequate for the action but not sufficient for absolute certainty.

3 Fators of Doom for Macbeth Essay Example for Free

3 Fators of Doom for Macbeth EssayIn Macbeth there were a few factors that contributed to the degeneration of the Macbeth character. There were three factors that destruct Macbeth. The main force that was predominately responsible for the downfall of Macbeth was his single flaw. Which was his own ambition. Even though his ambition brought him to his height of power, it was also what led him to his downfall. During the play Macbeths ambition brought him to give his goals but as the play evolves, it forced him to face his fate. Macbeth had become so obsessed with becoming poof, and remaining powerful, that he became a completely different man. operate more Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essayHis ambition led him to become greedy, violent, power hunger, and a murder. An example of his new character occurred when he come outed King Duncan. After the first murder, cleanup position seemed to be the only solution to keep his reign over the people of Scotla nd. It was because of these killings and his overbearing ambition that caused him to be overthrown and kill himself. another(prenominal) force was the prophecies which were told by the witches. If it had not been for the witches telling Macbeth that he was going to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glanis, and King of Scotland, he would still be is ordinary self.After the witches shared these prophecies with Macbeth he started thinking of ways he could become king. The other influential factor that destroyed Macbeth was his wife Lady Macbeth. In the play Lady Macbeth was going to kill King Duncan, but she just could not do it. Although she then provided a scheme which caused Macbeth to kill King Duncan. After the first murder, Macbeth seemed to come to the solution that killing was the way. Therefore Lady Macbeth was the one who introduced the concept of murder to Macbeth, which was another reason why Macbeth was destroyed.

The Effects of Internet Addiction Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Internet Addiction EssayThe Effects of Internet Addiction As we are living in a digital world, more than people spend too much time using the Internet, and it is terrible to see more than 15 percent of people spend more than 11 hours a week using the Internet in different counselings. However, do you want to have many health problems or social problems because of the Internet? As you know, being an introvert person, having sleeplessness, and getting sore eyes are the three common effects of Internet addiction. Being an introvert person is one way to affect your life negatively because of the Internet addiction. Many people believe that spending too much time in front of the monitor cigaret separate them from other people, and make them feel introvert, shy, and unsocial person. In addition to that, if the parents spend a lot of time using the Internet, they children will learn to do the same. Consequently, the children will be addictive as same as their parents, and that is really so bad for children and adults too.Having insomnia is yet another reason of Internet addiction. Since people tour many times searching the websites, chatting with their friends, and doing many things online, so they will get used to sleep late every night, which is too bad for their health. For example, if we used to spotter online movies at night, especially the horror movies, we would be scared and feel that we do not want to sleep, which is leading to insomnia. Getting eyes inflammation is one more reason of exaggeration to use the Internet.For instance, when you spend more than 11 hours a week looking at the computer screen, your family will tell you that your eyes grow reddish. Due to the Internet addiction and its disadvantages at our eyes, most of ophthalmologists say that we have to reduce of exposure our eyes to computer screens. Furthermore, do you want to have hapless eyes because of the Internet? In conclusion, it is clearly noted that being introv ert, having lack of sleep at night, and getting eyes problems are enough effects to dwell addictive at the Internet, and use it in balance way for significant reasons only.

Body Fat and Eating Disorders Paper Essay Example for Free

Body Fat and Eating Disorders Paper EssayObese people waste an overall morality rate almost twice that of non obese people. They are more(prenominal) than three times as likely to develop diabetes. Obesity is associated with creaky cholesterin levels and impaired intent function. It is estimated that if all Americans had a healthy proboscis composition, the incidence of coronary heart disease would drop by 25%. different health risks associated with obesity include hypertension, many kinds of cancer, impaired immune function, gallbladder and kidney diseases, and bone and joint disorders. These risk from obesity increase with its severity, and they are much more likely to occur in people who are more than twice their desirable body weight.Body FatThe distribution of body fat is likewise an important indicator of future health. People who tend to gain weight in the abdominal area have risk of coronary heart disease, utmost blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke twice as hig h as those who tend to gain weight hip area. The reason for this increase risk is not all clear, but it appears that fat in the abdomen is more easily mobilized and sent into the bloodstream, increasing disease related blood fat levels.In addition to risking tangible health, obesity can impair psychological health. Being perceived as fat can be the source of ridicule, ostracism, and sometimes discrimination from others it can open to psychological problems such as depression and low self esteem. For some, the stigma associated with obesity can give rise to a negative body image, body dissatisfaction, and ingest disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.What Influence BehaviorObesity is an result of intricate interactions of biology, behavior, and environment. Recent hypothesis in the scientific community suggest the flowing obesity epidemic is being driven largely by environmental factors (high energy/ high fat foods, fast foods consumption, television watching, super sized port ions) quite an than biological ones. Individuals are bombarded with images and offers of high fat, high calorie, high palatable, convenient, and inexpensive foods. Todays stressful lifestyles compound the effects of environmental factors by impairing weight exit efforts and by promoting fat storage. Health Problems Associated with Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge eating disorder.When it comes to Anorexia Nervosa, and the cycle of self starvation. The body is denied the essential nutrients it needs to function normally. It can cause an abnormally slow heart rate, and low blood pressure.When it comes to Bulimia Nervosa, and the recurrent binge and purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system ad can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. Electrolytes imbalances that can lead to irregular heartbeats and possibly heart failure and death.When it comes to Binge eating disorder of ten result in the same health risk associated with clinical obesity. High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, secondary diabetes, gallbladder disease, and heart disease as a result of elevated triglyceride levels.ConclusionWhen it comes to eating disorders sometimes your regular medical doctor is not the best one for treating these disorders. You may need to seek the help of a psychologist, because there are usually some mental issues involved in eating disorders.ReferencesEating Disorders Health Consequences, By John M. Grohol, Psy.D, Jun.1, (2010), Retrieved from, www.psychcentral.comHealth Risk of Excess Body Fat, n.a., n.d., Retrieved from, www.teach.valosta.eduEnvironmental and Life Influences on Obesity, By P.J. Brantley, V.H. Myers, H.J. Roy, Jan., (2005), Retrieved from, www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov

Merits And Demerits Of Qualitative And Quantitative Procedures Psychology Essay

Merits And Demerits Of qualitative And vicenary Procedures Psychology EssayResearch methods ar technique(s) for gathering entropy (Harding, 1986) and argon generally dichotomized into being every quantifiable or qualitative. It has been argued that methodology has been gendered (Oakley, 1998), with three-figure methods traditionally being associated with words such as positivism, scientific, objectivity, statistics and masculinity. In contrast, qualitative methods eat generally been associated with interpretive, non-scientific, subjectivity and femininity. vicenary Research Techniques and Proceduresqualitative analysis is a process that is very much the precursor to numeric, statistical work a process to make the tacit underpinnings of an issue evident a process you can use to deepen your understanding of complex neighborly and human factors that cannot be understood with numbers a process that helps you opine out what to count and what to measure (Kerlin, 1999, p. 1).A co mmon way of conducting quantitative query is using a survey. Surveys usually come to filling in a questionnaire. There are, of course, many different kinds of quantitative research besides the survey. Observational research involves watching or observing various behaviors and patterns. More complicated forms of quantitative research are experimental research or mathematical modelling research (Peter J.P. Donnelly J.H, 2000).In the social accomplishments, quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical probe of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it stomachs the fundamental radio link between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.Quantitative research is used widely in social sciences such as psy chology, sociology, anthropology, and policy-making science. Research in mathematical sciences such as physics is also quantitative by definition, though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences, the term relates to empirical methods, originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics, which contrast qualitative research methods.Qualitative methods green groceries information only on the offseticular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses. Quantitative methods can be used to verify, which of such hypotheses are true.Qualitative Research Techniques and ProceduresQualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, immanentistic, anthropological, region, or participant observer research. It emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found. Interaction between variables is important. Detailed data is gathered fini shed open ended questions that provide direct quotations. The interviewer is an integral part of the investigation (Jacob, 1988). This differs from quantitative research which attempts to gather data by objective methods to provide information astir(predicate) relations, comparisons, and predictions and attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation (Smith, 1983).According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in merchandise research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often needed, rather than large samples.According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is used to denote approaches which are su pported by a set of hypotheses concerning the way the social world functions. It deduces many of its basic principles from the perspective that there are fundamental differences between the science of human world and science of natural world and consequently needs to use distinctive methods. Here, attention is focused upon looking at the world through the eyes of studied objects and upon evolving concepts and theories which are grounded in the collecting data. So, qualitative research connected with profess accounts of the individuals of their attitudes and behavior. The significance of qualitative research consists in setting assay on describing, understanding complex phenomena. It investigates, for instance, the relationships and patterns among factors or the context in which the activity happens. It is concentrated on understanding the full many-dimensional picture of the subject of investigation.Qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses (informative guesses). The aim of qualitative research is to deepen our understanding about something, and usually this means going beyond the numbers and the statistics. Qualitative research helps us to give reasons why the numbers tell us what they do. It is often contrasted to quantitative research and they are very often used to attracther to get the bigger picture of what we are trying to vex out. Qualitative research helps us flesh out the story.Face-to-Face Interviews and Focus GroupsThe most common forms of qualitative research are face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Face-to-face interviews are just that encounter someone in person and discussing various issues. The informant or person you are interviewing may be an expert in a particular field (e.g. the editor of a newspaper) or they may be someone who is affected by the issues you are researching (e.g. someone who is HIV positive or who reads the media).Focus gro ups involve discussions with two or more participants. While questions for focus groups need to be prepared to guide and focus the discussions, the responses are often free-ranging, as the participants are boost to explore the issues at hand in an in-depth way.While focus groups and interviews will help you develop explanations for quantitative data, sometimes they can provide you with quantitative data themselvesBasic Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research TechniquesQuantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily intheir analytical objectivesthe types of questions they posethe types of data show instruments they usethe forms of data they producethe degree of flexibility built into study designThe rouge difference between quantitative and qualitative methods is their flexibility. Generally, quantitative methods are fairly inflexible. With quantitative methods such as surveys and questionnaires, for example, researchers ask all participants ident ical questions in the same order. The response categories from which participants may choose are closed-ended or fixed. The utility of this inflexibility is that it lay offs for meaningful comparison of responses across participants and study sites. However, it requires a thorough understanding of the important questions to ask, the best way to ask them, and the range of possible responses.Qualitative methods are typically more flexible that is, they allow greater spontaneity and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. For example, qualitative methods ask in general open-ended questions that are not necessarily worded in exactly the same way with severally participant. With open-ended questions, participants are free to respond in their own words, and these responses tend to be more complex than simply yes or no.In addition, with qualitative methods, the relationship between the researcher and the participant is often little formal than in quantitative research. Participants have the opportunity to respond more elaborately and in greater detail than is typically the case with quantitative methods. In turn, researchers have the opportunity to respond immediately to what participants say by tailoring subsequent questions to information the participant has provided. Merriam (1988) provided a basis for differentiating qualitative and quantitative research techniques based on their characteristics.Characteristics of Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchPoint of ComparisonsQualitative ResearchQuantitative ResearchFocus of researchQuality (nature, essence)Quantity (how much, how many)philosophical rootsPhenomenology, symbolic interactionPositivism, logical empiricismAssociated phrasesFieldwork, ethnographic, naturalistic, grounded, subjectiveExperimental, empirical, statisticalGoal of investigationUnderstanding, description, discovery, hypothesis generatingPrediction, control, description, confirmation, hypothesis testing Design characteristicsFlexible, evolving, emergentPredetermined, coordinateSettingNatural, familiarUnfamiliar, artificialSampleSmall, non-random, theoreticalLarge, random, re birthativeData collectionResearcher as primary instrument, interviews, observationsInanimate instruments (scales, tests, surveys, questionnaires, computers)Mode of analysis inductive (by researcher)Deductive (by statistical methods)FindingsComprehensive, holistic, expansivePrecise, narrow, reductionistHowever, there is a range of flexibility among methods used in both quantitative and qualitative research and that flexibility is not an indication of how scientifically rigorous a method is. Rather, the degree of flexibility reflects the kind of understanding of the problem that is being pursued using the method.Merits of Quantitative digestThe use of surveys permit a researcher to study more variables at one time than is typically possible in laboratory or field experiments, whilst data can be collected about real world environments.The usefulness of a survey is that the information you get is standardized because each respondent the person who fills out the questionnaire is answering the exact same questions. Once you have enough responses to your questionnaire, you can then put the data together and poll it in a way that answers your research question or what it is you want to know.Since case studies follow a structured format, different situations can be compared or analyzed comparatively. causal agency studies are typically short (often no more than 5 pages long) and usually only contain the essential information needed to present a situation and, if necessary, to describe and properly analyze a problem.Quantitative data can determine when students have achieved or failed a task, and they can provide national ranking, percentiles, and allow researchers to conduct comparison analyses. Nevertheless, they cannot provide the total picture of why a particular student has either succe eded or failed (Burnaford et al., 2001 Gall et al., 1996 and Mc Bride Schostak, 2000).In quantitative research, the researcher neither participates in nor influences what isbeing studied thus, he/she examines the circumstances objectively. In some qualitative research, the researcher may take a more subjective role and participate by being immersed in his/her research. That is, the observer may be the teacher or the facilitator. This role is often the case with when action research, case studies, and focus groups are used in educational research.Advantages of surveysGood for comparative analysis.Can get lots of data in a relatively short space of time.Can be cost-effective (if you use the Internet, for example).Can take less time for respondents to complete (compared to an interview or focus group)Specific concrete exampleCan help with problem solvingAre often interesting to read.Demerits of Quantitative AnalysisA key weakness of quantitative analysis is that it is very trying to realise insights relating to the causes of or processes involved in the phenomena measured. There are, in addition, several sources of bias such as the possibly self-selecting nature of respondents, the point in time when the survey is conducted and in the researcher him/herself through the design of the survey itself.It could be argued that the quantitative researcher is more precise, but theresponse would be that with people it is not possible to be so precise,people change and the social situation is too complex for numeraldescription. Quantitative research has a tendency to clarify whereclarification is not appropriate. (Mc Bride Schostak, 2000, pp. 1-2)Disadvantages of SurveysResponses may not be specific.Questions may be misinterpreted.May not get as many responses as you need.Dont get full story.Can take time to developDepending on format, may need some level of nigh writing skillsDo not usually give broad overview of issue at hand.Merits of Qualitative TechniquesThe appro aches of the qualitative research differ from the methods of the quantitative research. Quantitative methods have their aim in dividing into clearly defined parts, or variables. When we research an issue which we know how to quantify, for example, what can be quantified for sure, we may leave out the factors which are pivotal to the real understanding of the phenomena under study (Andrew, 2007).Qualitative methods are helpful not only in giving rich explanations of complex phenomena, but in creating or evolving theories or conceptual bases, and in proposing hypotheses to clarify the phenomena. Besides, value of the qualitative research consists in validity of the information received people are minutely interviewed so as the obtained data would be taken as correct and believable reports of their opinions and experiences. Its major disadvantage is that small group of interviewed individuals can not be taken as representative (Andrew, 2007).Case studies involve an attempt to describ e relationships that exist in reality, very often in a single organization. Case studies may be positivist or interpretivist in nature, depending on the approach of the researcher, the data collected and the analytical techniques employed. Reality can be captured in greater detail by an observer-researcher, with the analysis of more variables than is typically possible in experimental and survey research.Another type of qualitative analysis is site visits. invest visits help you understand your research better site visits (e.g. when you visit an organization, a manufacturing plant, a clinic or a housing project) are very useful and sometimes even necessary ways of gaining additional insight and making your theoretical information concrete in your mind. They allow you to observe what is going on, and to ask questions you may not have thought about.Qualitative research has a phenomenological focus that can provide an enriched anddetailed description of the participants actions and/or viewpoints (Veronesi, 1997).Advantages of Face-to-Face InterviewsCan allow for in-depth knowledge sharingHelps to develop the bigger pictureHelps with analysis of resultsGood for networking (e.g. you may be referred to other people to interview).Advantages of Focus GroupsGood for community involution (grassroots input)Helpful in developing ideas and sharing latent, or hidden, knowledge spontaneouslyEnables you to get information from a number of individuals simultaneously.Advantages of Site Visits and ObservationDemerits of Qualitative AnalysisCase studies can be considered weak as they are typically restricted to a single organization and it is baffling to generalize findings since it is hard to find similar cases with similar data that can be analyzed in a statistically meaningful way.Disadvantages of Face-to-Face InterviewsCan be time eatMay be difficult to arrange an interview timeCan be difficult to compare and analyze information.Disadvantages of Focus GroupsCan be difficu lt to set upParticipants may need to be paidNeed to be sensitive to who the facilitator isMay need a translatorSometimes difficult to organize and analyze information.Disadvantages of Site Visits and ObservationTake timeCan be expensive (depending how far you need to travel)With observation in particular, you need to be careful how you interpret what you see. With site visits, you may want to make sure you have a guide so that you can ask questionsHowever, the disadvantage of the quantitative as well as qualitative research is that they do not always underpin understanding of multi-dimensional pictures (Andrew, 2007).